birt gs1 128

birt gs1 128

birt gs1 128

birt ean 128

birt gs1 128

birt ean 128,
birt ean 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt ean 128,
birt ean 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt ean 128,

birt gs1 128,
birt ean 128,
birt ean 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt ean 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt ean 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt ean 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt ean 128,
birt ean 128,
birt ean 128,
birt ean 128,
birt ean 128,
birt ean 128,
birt ean 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt ean 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt ean 128,
birt ean 128,
birt gs1 128,

birt ean 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt ean 128,
birt ean 128,
birt ean 128,
birt ean 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt ean 128,
birt ean 128,
birt ean 128,
birt ean 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt ean 128,
birt ean 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt ean 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt ean 128,
birt ean 128,
birt ean 128,
birt ean 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt ean 128,
birt ean 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt gs1 128,
birt gs1 128,

There are 33 tokens. Four are superglue. Six (including the superglue tokens) are glue tokens. The weak functional cohesion (WFC) is 6=33 18:2 percent. The strong functional cohesion (SFC) is 4=33 12:1 percent. The adhesiveness is (4 1 + 2 0:7 5 27 0:25 =33 12:25=33 37:1 percent. This program calculates three separate quantities. It is not surprising that it scores low on the cohesion metrics.

Rational: :operator[] (int i) if (i == 1) return num; if (i == 2) return den; cerr -c< "ERROR: index out of range\n"; exit(O);

The expression x [ 1 ] calls the subscript operator, passing 1 to i, which returns x . num. Similarly, x [ 2 ] returns x . den. If i has any value other than 1 or 2, then an error message is sent to cerr, the standard error stream, and then the exi t ( ) function is called. This example is artificial. There is no advantage to accessing the fields of the Rat ional object x with x [ 1 ] and x [ 2 ] instead of x . num and x . den. However, there are many important classes where the subscript is very useful. (See Problem 9.14.) Note that the subscript operator is an access function, since it provides pub1 ic access to private member data.

9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4

Why can t the this pointer be used in nonmember functions Why should the overloaded assignment operator return * this What is the difference between the effects of the following two declarations: Rational y(x); Rational y = x; What is the difference between the effects of the following two lines: Rational y = x; Rational y; y = x;

Software testing is the execution of the software with actual test data. Sometimes it is called dynamic software testing to distinguish it from static analysis, which is sometimes called static testing. Static analysis involves analyzing the source code to identify problems. Although other techniques are very useful in validating software, actual execution of the software with real test data is essential.

9.8 9.9 9.10

Why should the stream operators -CC and >> be overloaded as friend functions Why should the arithmetic operators

+, -9

Description of Character Single low-9 quotation mark Latin small letter f with hook Double low-9 quotation mark Horizontal ellipsis Dagger Double dagger Modi er letter circum ex accent Per mille sign Latin capital letter S with caron Single left-pointing angle quotation mark Latin capital ligature OE Left single quotation mark Right single quotation mark Left double quotation mark Right double quotation mark Bullet

How is the overloaded pre-increment operator distinguished from the overloaded postincrement operator

Exhaustive testing is the execution of every possible test case. Rarely can we do exhaustive testing. Even simple systems have too many possible test cases. For example, a program with two integer inputs on a machine with a 32-bit word would have 264 possible test cases (see Review Question 10.1). Thus, testing is always executing a very small percentage of the possible test cases. Two basic concerns in software testing are (1) what test cases to use (test case selection) and (2) how many test cases are necessary (stopping criterion). Test case selection can be based on either the speci cations (functional), the structure of the code (structural), the ow of data (data ow), or random selection of test cases. Test case selection can be viewed as an attempt to space the test cases throughout the input space. Some areas in the domain may be especially error-prone and may need extra attention. The stopping criterion can be based on a coverage criterion, such as executing n test cases in each subdomain, or the stopping criterion can be based on a behavior criteria, such as testing until an error rate is less than a threshold x. A program can be thought of as a mapping from a domain space to an answer space or range. Given an input, which is a point in the domain space, the program produces an output, which is a point in the range. Similarly, the speci cation of the program is a map from a domain space to an answer space.

9.11 Why is the int argument in the implementation of the post-increment operator left unnamed 9.12 What mechanism allows the overloaded subscript operator [ ]

assignment statement, like this:

v [ 2 ]

= 2 2